1 Introduction to LAN cables
In the age of digitization and ubiquitous Internet, a stable and fast network connection is essential. Whether you're networking at home or in the office, a LAN (Local Area Network) cable is a key component that ensures reliable data transmission. Network cables, also known as Ethernet cables or twisted-pair cables, are used to connect devices such as computers, routers, and switches in local area networks (LANs). Thanks to them, we can enjoy fast Internet access, smooth data transmission and stable connection without interference.
Evolution of LAN cables
Since the inception of Ethernet, network cables have undergone considerable evolution. From the first Category 3 cables, to today's popular Cat5e and Cat6, to the latest Cat8, the evolution has been driven by the need to transmit ever-increasing amounts of data at higher speeds and better protection from electromagnetic interference. Today, Ethernet cables are available in a variety of types and categories to meet varying user and technology requirements. The common denominator of all categories is the RJ45 connector.
2 Types of LAN cables - categorization.
Category 5e (Cat5e)
Cat5e is currently the most popular network cable, used in many home and office local area networks. It allows data transfer at speeds of up to 1 Gbps at 100 MHz. It is typically unshielded cable (UTP), which means it has no additional protection against interference, but in most cases it provides sufficient connection stability.
Category 6 (Cat6)
Cat6 cables offer higher bandwidth and data transmission speeds of up to 10 Gbps over short distances (up to 55 meters) at 250 MHz. They have a better design and are often shielded (STP) for better protection against electromagnetic interference.
Category 6a (Cat6a)
Cat6a is an improved version of Cat6, capable of transmitting data at 10 Gbps over a distance of up to 100 meters at 500 MHz. Its double shielding makes it more resistant to interference and is ideal for high-bandwidth applications.
Category 7 (Cat7)
Cat7 cables provide data transmission speeds of up to 10 Gbps at 600 MHz. They are always shielded and offer the highest level of protection against interference. They are ideal for professional network installations where reliability and connection stability are required.
Category 8 (Cat8)
The state-of-the-art network cable standard, Cat8, allows data transmission at speeds of up to 40 Gbps at 2000 MHz. It is mainly used in data centers and places where extremely high bandwidth and minimal latency are required.
Comparison between categories
Choosing the right Ethernet cable depends on your individual network needs. If you use the Internet mainly for browsing and streaming, a Cat5e cable should be sufficient. However, if you need more speed and stability, such as for online gaming or transferring large files, it's worth considering a Cat6 or higher cable. Also keep in mind the length of the Ethernet cable - the longer the cable, the greater the risk of signal loss, so it's important to choose the right length for your needs.
3 CU vs. CCA: Understanding the differences
Copper Cables (CU): Advantages and performance
Copper (CU) cables are made of pure copper, which guarantees the best conductivity and minimal signal loss. As a result, they provide high data transmission speeds and are immune to electromagnetic interference. They are an ideal choice when network stability and reliability are crucial. The downside of network cables of this standard is the higher price - due to its rarity and excellent conductive properties, copper is a rather expensive metal, which is reflected in the price of the final product.
Copper-coated aluminum (CCA) cables: Advantages and limitations
CCA internet cables are aluminum cables coated with a thin layer of copper. They are lighter and cheaper to manufacture, which translates into a lower price for the consumer. However, it should be noted at this point that most CCA cables on the market, however, do not meet category standards, often contrary to the markings on the box or product pages. Many of these cables also do not pass FLUKE tests and may not provide the claimed data transmission speed.
How CU and CCA cables affect network speed and reliability
CCA cables have higher resistance than copper cables, leading to greater signal loss over longer distances. They can be less resistant to mechanical damage and have less resistance to interference. In practice, this means less stable connections, lower transmission speeds and potential problems with proper network operation. For home use or in SMEs, where the internal network and the Internet are used in an unaffordable way, the CCA standard should be perfectly adequate for most applications. In large companies, universities and data centers, our recommendation is CU cables.
Why choosing the right material matters
The choice between CU or CCA cable type has a direct impact on the quality of your network connection. If you want reliability and full network performance, it makes sense to invest in copper cables. However, if your budget is limited and your network is not very busy, CCA cables may be sufficient. However, it is important to pay attention to the quality of CCA cables when choosing a cable. Lanberg also offers CCA cable models that meet category standards and pass FLUKE tests. As a result, they offer excellent value for money while providing reliability and high performance - even for home applications.
4 Performance testing: the role of FLUKE tests
What are FLUKE tests?
FLUKE tests are professional tests of network cable quality carried out with specialized equipment from Fluke Networks. They allow a thorough check of cable parameters such as attenuation, crosstalk or impedance, ensuring compliance with network standards. The company tests virtually all types of network cables - those that pass the rigorous tests receive FLUKE PASSED certification.
The importance of FLUKE testing in ensuring cable quality
Conducting FLUKE tests ensures that a network cable meets the required standards and categories. This is especially important for network installers, who need to be sure that the Ethernet cables used will provide a stable and fast connection without interference.
How FLUKE PASSED certification affects network performance
Cables that pass FLUKE tests ensure optimal network performance and minimize the risk of failure. For the user, this means a stable connection, high data rates and reliable network performance. This allows you to take full advantage of such technologies as Gigabit Ethernet and Power over Ethernet.
5 CPR certification compliance: what do you need to know?
Introduction to the CPR (Construction Products Regulation)
The CPR (Construction Products Regulation) is a European regulation for construction products, including communication cables. It specifies requirements related to the reaction to fire and fire safety of construction materials used in buildings.
Importance of CPR compliance in LAN cables
CPR-compliant network cables are critical to the safety of buildings and their occupants. CPR-compliant cables have certain fire properties, which reduces the spread of fire and smoke in the event of a fire. For installers and users, this means added security and peace of mind, as well as the ability to certify installations as safe for public use.
How to recognize CPR-compliant cables
CPR-compliant cables have the appropriate markings on the cable jacket and certificates confirming compliance with the standards. When purchasing a cable, it is worth paying attention to this information to ensure that the LAN cable you choose meets the required safety standards.
The impact of CPR on security and performance
Using CPR-compliant cables not only improves fire safety, but is often associated with higher quality of the product itself. These cables undergo rigorous testing and quality control, which translates into performance and durability in daily use.
Summary of part 1 of the guide
Choosing the right network cable is not just a matter of price, but more importantly of quality and safety. Knowing the differences between CU and CCA cables, understanding the importance of FLUKE testing, and paying attention to CPR compliance are key elements that will allow you to make an informed choice. Remember that the stability and reliability of your network depends on the quality of the components used.
If you are a network installer or simply want to ensure the best possible connection in your home or office, the new CCA cables from Lanberg are worth considering. They are not only affordable, but also meet all the required standards, passing FLUKE tests and ensuring high network performance.
In the next part of our guide, we'll take a closer look at the practical aspects of installing network cables, discuss different types of connectors, such as RJ45, and suggest how to route cables for optimal performance and installation aesthetics. We will also continue to educate you on how to choose the right cables for your specific application, so that your network runs smoothly and meets all your expectations.
FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions
Are CCA cables inferior to copper cables?
CCA cables have different characteristics than copper cables. They are cheaper, but may not provide the same performance and reliability. However, the new CCA cables from Lanberg, which pass FLUKE tests, offer high quality at an attractive price.
Can I use Cat6 cable with devices that only support Cat5e?
Yes, the cables are backward compatible. Using a higher category cable will not hurt, and may even improve the stability of the connection.
What length of Ethernet cable can I use without losing signal?
By default, Ethernet cables can be up to 100 meters (for CU cables) and about 60 meters (for FLUKE-certified CCA cables). CCA cables without FLUKE certification can cause signal loss even at shorter lengths. Once this length is exceeded, signal speed and quality may decrease.
Is it worth investing in shielded cables (STP)?
If the installation is in a location exposed to electromagnetic interference, such as near high-powered electrical equipment, STP cables can provide better protection and connection stability.
What is the difference between a patch cable and a straight cable?
A crossover cable is used to directly connect two devices of the same type, such as two computers. A straight cable is used to connect devices of different types, such as a computer to a router.
